Salt is necessary for life. Both of these ions are supplied by salt. The taste of salt is one of the fundamental tastes; salt is probably the most ancient flavouring known, and one of the few rocks we eat. Curiously, people who suffer from low salt called hyponatria do so not because they ingest too little salt but because they drink too much water. Skip to content Chapter 9. Chemical Bonds. State the octet rule. Define ionic bond. Demonstrate electron transfer between atoms to form ionic bonds.
Problem With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form calcium chloride from Ca atoms and Cl atoms. Solution A Ca atom has two valence electrons, while a Cl atom has seven electrons.
The transfer process looks like this: The oppositely charged ions attract each other to make CaCl 2. Test Yourself With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form potassium sulfide from K atoms and S atoms.
Chemistry Is Everywhere: Salt The element sodium is a very reactive metal; given the opportunity, it will react with the sweat on your hands and form sodium hydroxide, which is a very corrosive substance. Figure 9. The tendency to form species that have eight electrons in the valence shell is called the octet rule.
The attraction of oppositely charged ions caused by electron transfer is called an ionic bond. The strength of ionic bonding depends on the magnitude of the charges and the sizes of the ions. Why is its formation unlikely?
How many electrons does a Ba atom have to lose to have a complete octet in its valence shell? How many electrons does a Pb atom have to lose to have a complete octet in its valence shell?
How many electrons does an Se atom have to gain to have a complete octet in its valence shell? How many electrons does an N atom have to gain to have a complete octet in its valence shell? With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form potassium chloride from K atoms and Cl atoms. With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form magnesium sulfide from Mg atoms and S atoms. With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form scandium fluoride from Sc atoms and F atoms.
With arrows, illustrate the transfer of electrons to form rubidium phosphide from Rb atoms and P atoms. This particular resource used the following sources:.
Skip to main content. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding. Search for:. Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer. Learning Objective Identify the key features of ionic bonds. Key Points Ionic bonds are formed between cations and anions. A cation is formed when a metal ion loses a valence electron while an anion is formed when a non-metal gains a valence electron.
They both achieve a more stable electronic configuration through this exchange. Ionic solids form crystalline lattices, or repeating patterns of atoms, with high melting points, and are typically soluble in water. To determine how many electrons are involved in the chemical bonding of two given atoms. Web Resources:. Combining of atoms or elements depends upon the electrons e - in the outer most shell or. The first shell, innermost level can hold up to 2 electrons. The second can hold up to 8 electrons.
The third can hold up to 8 electrons. When the outermost energy level shell is holding the maximum number of electrons the atom is.
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